ASME B16.9 Butt Weld Fittings Dimensions Inspection

Port Diameter: Measure the inner and outer diameters of the main pipe and branch pipes to ensure compliance with design specifications.

Wall Thickness: Inspect pipe wall thickness using calipers or ultrasonic thickness gauges to guarantee pressure resistance meets standard requirements.

Total Fitting Length: Measure the total length of the main pipe and branch pipes to ensure proper alignment during on-site installation.

Branch Angle: Measure the connection angle between the branch pipe and main pipe (typically 45°, 90°, or custom angles) to ensure correct fluid flow direction.

ASME B16.9 Duplex Pipe Fittings Specification

UNS S32205 Pipe Fittings Chemical Composition

ASTM A815 UNS S32205 Pipe Fittings Mechanical Property

2205 Duplex Steel Pipe Fittings Dimensions

Buttweld Concentric Reducer Dimension

Buttweld Pipe Elbow Dimension

Nominal Size		Outside Diameter at Bevel	Center to End		Center to End			Center to Center		Back to Face
			90° Elbows	45° Elbows	90°  Elbows		45° Elbows	180  Returns
DN	NPS	OD	A	B	A		B	O		K
			3D	3D	LR	SR	LR	LR	SR	LR	SR
15	1/2	21.3			38		16	76		48
20	3/4	26.7	57	24	38		19	76		51
25	1	33.4	76	31	38	25	22	76	51	56	41
32	1 1/4	42.2	95	39	48	32	25	95	64	70	52
40	1 1/2	48.3	114	47	57	38	29	114	76	83	62
50	2	60.3	152	63	76	51	35	152	102	106	81
65	2 1/2	73.0	190	79	95	64	44	190	127	132	100
80	3	88.9	229	95	114	76	51	229	152	159	121
90	3 1/2	101.6	267	111	133	4、89	57	267	178	184	140
100	4	114.3	305	127	152	102	64	305	203	210	159
125	5	141.3	381	157	190	127	79	381	254	262	197
150	6	168.3	457	189	229	152	95	457	305	313	237
200	8	219.1	610	252	305	203	127	610	406	414	313
250	10	273.0	762	316	381	254	159	762	508	518	391
300	12	323.8	914	378	457	305	190	914	609	619	467
350	14	355.6	1067	441	533	356	222	1067	711	711	533
400	16	406.4	1219	505	610	406	254	1219	813	813	610
450	18	457.0	1372	568	686	457	286	1372	914	914	686
500	20	508.0	1524	632	762	508	318	1524	1016	1016	762
550	22	559.0	1676	694	838	559	343	1676	1118	1118	838
600	24	610.0	1829	757	914	610	381	1829	1219	1219	914
650	26	660.0	1981	821	991	660	406
700	28	711.0	2134	883	1067	711	438
750	30	762.0	2286	964	1143	762	470
800	32	813.0	2438	1010	1219	813	502
850	34	864.0	2591	1073	1295	864	533
900	36	914.0	2743	1135	1372	914	565
950	38	965.0	2896	1200	1448	965	600
1000	40	1016.0	3048	1264	1524	1016	632
1050	42	1067.0	3200	1326	1600	1067	660
1100	44	1118.0	3353	1389	1676	1118	695
1150	46	1168.0	3505	1453	1753	1168	727
1200	48	1219.0	3658	1516	1829	1219	759

Tolerances for Buttweld Fittings

ASME B16.9 Standard

This Standard covers overall dimensions, tolerances, ratings, testing, and markings for factory-made wrought buttwelding fittings in sizes NPS 1/2 through NPS 48 (DN 15 through DN 1200).

Standard Fittings. 

That the fitting was manufactured in conformance with this Standard, including all dimensional requirements, is certified by a prefix”WP” in the material grade designation marking.

Special Fittings.

That the fitting was manufactured in conformance with this Standard, except that dimensional requirements are as agreed between the purchaser and the manufacturer, is certified by a supple mentary suffix to the material grade designation marking as follows:

(a) “S58” of ASTM A960 applies for fittings in accordance with ASTM A234, A403, and A420.

(b) “S8” applies for fittings in accordance with ASTM A815.

(c) “SPLD” applies for fittings in accordance with ASTM B361, B363, and B366.

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In industrial piping systems for oil, gas, chemical, and power industries, butt weld pipe fittings serve as critical components for connecting pipes, altering flow direction, and changing pipe dimensions. These fittings must comply with stringent industry standards to ensure the safe, reliable, and efficient operation of the system.

ASME B16.9 is an internationally recognized standard for butt weld pipe fittings, covering requirements for dimensions, tolerances, inspection, and marking. Whether for elbows, tees, crosses, reducers, or caps, ASME B16.9 provides comprehensive specifications. During engineering projects and procurement processes, the Weight and Volume Chart serves as a critical reference tool. It not only impacts transportation and packaging but also directly influences cost calculations and pipeline system design.

Accurate knowledge of these fittings’ weights and volumes is essential for procurement, logistics, project cost estimation, and structural stress analysis.

ASME B16.9 Pipe Fitting Weight Calculation

Weight of 90° Elbow

Based on carbon steel density of 7.85 kg/dm³, the formula is:

W = 9.685 × 10⁻⁶ × R × (D² – d²)

Where: W is weight (kg), R is radius of curvature (mm), D is outer diameter (mm), d is inner diameter (mm).

Derived Rules:

45° elbow weight is calculated as half that of a 90° elbow.

180° elbow weight is calculated as double that of a 90° elbow.

Short-radius (R=1.0DN) elbows are estimated at two-thirds the weight of long-radius elbows.

Basic Steel Pipe Weight

As a reference benchmark for pipe fitting weight calculations, the formula is:

W = 0.02466 × T × (D – T)

Where: W is weight per meter (kg/m), T is wall thickness (mm), D is outer diameter (mm). Stainless steel pipes require an additional correction factor of 1.015.

Non-Standard Wall Thickness Estimation

For specifications not listed in standard tables, use the proportional estimation formula:

Q = W × t / T

Where: Q is estimated weight (kg), W is weight for known wall thickness at the same nominal diameter, t is target wall thickness (mm), and T is known wall thickness (mm).

Butt Weld Pipe Fittings Types

Elbows: Used to alter pipeline flow direction. Common types include 90° long radius (LR), 90° short radius (SR), and 45° elbows.

Long Radius (LR) Elbows: Bending radius equals 1.5 times the nominal size (NPS), offering low fluid resistance.

Short Radius (SR) Elbows: Bending radius equals the nominal size (NPS), suitable for space-constrained applications.

Tees: Used for pipe branching. Includes equal tees and reducing tees.

Reducers: Used to connect pipes of different sizes. Classified as concentric reducers and eccentric reducers.

Pipe Caps: Used to seal pipe ends.

Conclusion

The ASME B16.9 Butt-Weld Fittings Weight and Volume Tables serve as an essential tool for engineers, procurement personnel, and project managers. Whether used for transportation calculations, cost budgeting, or system safety analysis, accurate data is critical.

Want to get the complete ASME B16.9 Butt Weld Pipe Fittings Weight and Volume Tables PDF? Click the button below to download it for free:

✅ Free Download: ASME B16.9 Butt Weld Pipe Fittings Weight and Volume Table PDF

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Fortunately, our factory had existing stock available. We immediately organized the production and shipping process. Despite the extremely tight deadline, we steadfastly upheld our principle of quality first. Before delivering the products that same day, we conducted rigorous inspections on every tee. The shipment was successfully dispatched that day, and the client expressed high recognition for our rapid response and high-quality inspection standards.

This order not only demonstrates our efficient delivery capabilities but also showcases our commitment to maintaining quality control even under urgent circumstances. No matter how pressing the client’s needs, we consistently ensure every product meets standards and client expectations.

We can not only produce standard tees, but also customize flanged tee. If you want to know more, please click

Butt Weld Tee Dimensions Inspection

Port Diameter: Measure the inner and outer diameters of the main pipe and branch pipes to ensure compliance with design specifications.

Wall Thickness: Inspect pipe wall thickness using calipers or ultrasonic thickness gauges to guarantee pressure resistance meets standard requirements.

Total Fitting Length: Measure the total length of the main pipe and branch pipes to ensure proper alignment during on-site installation.

Branch Angle: Measure the connection angle between the branch pipe and main pipe (typically 45°, 90°, or custom angles) to ensure correct fluid flow direction.

Specification of ASME B16.9 Tee

ASME B16.9 Specification for Butt Welded Fittings

This Standard covers overall dimensions, tolerances, ratings, testing, and markings for factory-made wrought buttwelding fittings in sizes NPS 1/2 through NPS 48 (DN 15 through DN 1200).

Codes and Regulations.

A fitting used under the jurisdiction of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code(BPVC), the ASME Code for Pressure Piping, or a governmental regulation is subject to any limitation of that code or regulation. This includes any maximum temperature limitation or rule governing the use of a material at low temperature.

Pressure Rating Designation

Class followed by a dimensionless number is the designation for pressure-temperature ratings. Standardized designations for flanges per ASME B16.5 referenced in this Standard are Classes 150, 300, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500.

Marking

Standard Marking Each fitting shall be permanently marked to show the following:

(a) manufacturer’s name or trademark

(b) material identification, either the ASTM or ASME grade designation

(c) schedule number1 or nominal wall thickness in mm

(d) size — the nominal pipe size (NPS) identification number related to the end connections shall be used

(e) compliance—see para. 4.4 for standard and special fitting marking

A manufacturer may supplement these mandatory markings with others, including a DN size designation, but confusion with the required marking shall be avoided.

ASME B16.9 Butt Weld Equal Tee

Equal Tee: All three ports have the same nominal diameter, meaning the main pipe and branch pipes have the same diameter. It is suitable for situations where the flow rates of the main pipe and branch pipes are the same, ensuring relatively balanced fluid velocity across all pipes. It is commonly used in piping systems requiring symmetrical branching, such as certain symmetrically arranged equipment connection pipes.

ASME B16.9 Butt Weld Reducing Tee

Reducing Tee: The nominal diameters of the three ports are different, typically with the main pipe having a larger diameter than the branch pipes. This type of tee is suitable for pipeline systems where both branching and merging occur, while also requiring changes in pipe diameter. It allows flexible adjustment of pipe diameter based on different flow requirements and is widely used in pipeline systems such as oil and natural gas transportation.

SS Butt weld Tee Material

Chemical Composition of ASTM A403 Buttweld Equal Tee

Mechanical Properties of ASTM A403 Buttweld Reducing Tee

Dimension of ASME B16.9 Tee

Applications of Stainless Steel Butt Weld Tee

Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry

Chemical Industry

Food and Pharmaceutical Industry

Power and Energy Industry

Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering

ANSI/ASME B16.9 Buttweld Equal Tee Manufacturer

We are a professional butt weld tee manufacturer equipped with comprehensive production facilities and a rigorous quality management system. Our product range encompasses carbon steel, stainless steel, and alloy steel materials, compliant with international standards such as ASME, DIN, EN, and GB. Whether it’s equal-diameter, reducer, or slant tees, we offer multiple size specifications to meet diverse operational requirements across industries including petroleum, chemical, power generation, and seawater treatment.

Throughout production, we emphasize quality control at every stage—including dimensional inspection, material composition analysis, and weld seam examination—ensuring each product delivers consistent reliability in service. With efficient delivery capabilities and stable product quality, we have established long-term partnerships with numerous domestic and international clients, positioning us as a trusted supplier of pipeline fittings.

If you are seeking a professional and reliable supplier of butt weld tees, please feel free to contact us anytime. We are committed to providing you with premium products and comprehensive services.

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Reducers typically feature a conical or eccentric conical structure. The conical shape may be concentric, where the center axes coincide, or eccentric, where the center axes do not align. Concentric reducers maintain a consistent centerline when pipe diameters change at both ends, making them suitable for applications with strict fluid flow direction requirements and limited installation space. ASME B16.9 reducers are widely used in pipeline systems across petroleum, chemical, natural gas, power, and metallurgical industries. They connect pipes of differing diameters or facilitate directional changes while conserving space.

Butt Weld Reducers Specification

Concentric Reducer

The primary structural feature of concentric reducers is their concentric design. This configuration ensures that the fluid flow direction remains unchanged as it passes through the reducer, maintaining a relatively stable flow state. The defining characteristic of concentric reducers is the perfect alignment of their centerlines at both ends. Viewed from the side, it exhibits a symmetrical conical structure resembling a bell mouth or funnel. This design ensures a smooth transition for the fluid within the pipe, minimizing the generation of vortices and turbulence. This makes it particularly suitable for applications with stringent requirements for fluid flow.

Eccentric Reducer

An eccentric reducer is a pipe fitting used to connect two pipes of different diameters, with its two ends offset from each other. This offset is termed the eccentricity, meaning one side of the fitting is straight while the other tapers gradually at an angle. Unlike symmetrical concentric reducers, the eccentric design aids in controlling fluid flow, reducing turbulence, and preventing gas accumulation or cavitation within the piping system. It is commonly used in applications requiring consistent bottom or top liquid levels in pipelines.

Concentric and Eccentric Reducers

Concentric reducers and eccentric reducers are two common types of pipe fittings used for connecting pipes of different diameters in piping systems. However, due to their structural differences, their respective applications and advantages also vary.

ASME B16.9 Seamless and Welded Reducer

Seamless

Seamless reducers are typically manufactured by forming entire lengths of seamless stainless steel pipe through pressure or push forming. The advantage of this process lies in the absence of welds, resulting in higher overall strength and pressure resistance, making it particularly suitable for demanding environments requiring high pressure and temperature endurance. However, due to the use of solid pipe forming, the available size range is relatively limited, and wall thickness control presents greater challenges.

Welded

Welded reducers are produced by rolling stainless steel plates into a conical shape and then welding them together. This manufacturing method offers greater flexibility, making it especially suitable for producing large-diameter or non-standard-sized products, and it is typically more cost-effective. The primary drawback, however, is the presence of weld seams. Although these undergo rigorous inspection, they may be slightly inferior to seamless reducers in terms of pressure resistance and overall strength.

ASTM A403 Concentric Reducer

Chromium (Cr)

Provides the primary corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance; higher content yields better corrosion resistance.

Nickel (Ni)

Enhances material ductility and toughness, improves corrosion resistance, particularly against acidic media.

Molybdenum (Mo)

Significantly enhances resistance to chloride-induced pitting and crevice corrosion (e.g., seawater). Not present in 304.

Manganese (Mn)

Increases solid solution strength and improves machinability.

Silicon (Si)

Enhances oxidation resistance and improves fluidity.

Tensile Strength: The maximum stress a material can withstand before breaking.

Yield Strength: The maximum stress a material can withstand before undergoing permanent plastic deformation.

Elongation: The percentage increase in length of a material at break, reflecting its plasticity and toughness.

ASTM A234 WPB Concentric Reducer

Chemical Composition

Mechanical Property

ANSI / ASME B16.9 Reducer Dimensions

Concentric Reducer

Eccentric Reducer

Eccentric Reducer Weight

Concentric Reducer Weight

How to Calculate The Weight of Steel Pipe Reducer?

0.02466 × S ×[ (D+d)/2-S] × H / 1000

S: Wall thickness of Butt Weld Reducer

D: Outside diameter of the larger end

d: Outside diameter of the small end

H: End to end dimension

ASME B16.9 Standard

This Standard covers overall dimensions, tolerances, ratings, testing, and markings for factory-made wrought buttwelding fittings in sizes NPS 1/2 through NPS 48 (DN 15 through DN 1200).

Pressure Rating Designation

Class followed by a dimensionless number is the designation for pressure-temperature ratings. Standardized designations for flanges per ASME B16.5 referenced in this Standard are Classes 150, 300, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500.

Marking

Standard Marking Each fitting shall be permanently marked to show the following:

(a) manufacturer’s name or trademark

(b) material identification, either the ASTM or ASME grade designation

(c) schedule number1 or nominal wall thickness in mm

(d) size — the nominal pipe size (NPS) identification number related to the end connections shall be used

(e) compliance—see para. 4.4 for standard and special fitting marking

A manufacturer may supplement these mandatory markings with others, including a DN size designation, but confusion with the required marking shall be avoided.

Packaging

For large-sized or heavy carbon steel pipe reducers, individual packaging or bundling may not provide sufficient support. Therefore, they are typically stacked neatly on large wooden pallets. The wooden pallet provides a sturdy base platform that evenly distributes weight, preventing deformation of the pipe fittings due to uneven stress. Subsequently, forklifts can directly lift the pallets from the bottom, significantly improving loading/unloading efficiency while reducing damage risks associated with manual handling. Fittings of the same specification or batch are grouped together on a single pallet for easier inventory management. Before packaging, plastic pipe caps are installed on both ends of the fittings or they are wrapped with plastic sheeting to protect the beveled edges and inner walls from scratches and prevent dust or moisture ingress.

During packaging, the large and small ends are securely strapped to wooden pallets using steel or nylon strapping to prevent shifting or tipping during transit. This method is particularly suitable for long-distance shipping or export, offering superior protection against damage.

To learn more about carbon steel pipe reducers, please click

Advantages 

Integrally formed with no welded seams, eliminating risks associated with welding defects.

High strength and superior pressure resistance, suitable for demanding operating conditions.

Smooth inner walls with natural transitions minimize turbulence and pressure loss.

Excellent corrosion resistance, commonly manufactured from stainless steel grades such as 304/316L.

Widely applied in petroleum and natural gas, chemical, power generation, offshore engineering, and pharmaceutical industries.

Application

Oil and gas pipeline systems

Chemical and petrochemical plants

Power and nuclear power plant pipelines

Marine engineering and shipbuilding

Pharmaceutical and food processing industries

Water treatment and environmental engineering

Heating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems

Industrial piping for high-pressure, high-temperature, and corrosive media

ASME B16.9 Reducers Manufacturers & Supplier

We are a professional reducer manufacturer, offering high-quality stainless steel, carbon steel, and alloy steel reducers, including concentric reducers and eccentric reducers. Additionally, we produce various butt weld fittings and forged fittings, manufactured strictly in accordance with international standards such as ASME, ANSI, DIN, EN, and GB to ensure dimensional accuracy and reliable performance. Our pipe fittings are widely used in industries such as oil and gas, chemical, power generation, marine, and pharmaceutical, meeting diverse pipeline connection requirements across various operating conditions. Leveraging premium materials, advanced production techniques, and stringent quality control, we provide comprehensive pipe fitting solutions—including reducers, tees, elbows, reducers, and custom fittings—empowering customers to build safe and efficient pipeline systems.

Exported Countries

We Export Reducer to Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, Kuwait, Jordan, Cyprus, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, South Korea, Japan, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Uruguay, United States Of America, Canada, Mexico, Panama, Jamaica, Bahamas, Denmark, Norway, Germany, France,Italy, United Kingdom, Spain, Belgium, Greece, Czech Republic, Portugal, Hungary, Albania, Austria, Finland, Ireland, Croatia, Malta, Nigeria, Algeria, Angola, South Africa, Egypt,  Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, South America, Middle East.etc,Italy, United Kingdom, Spain, Belgium, Greece, Czech Republic, Portugal, Hungary, Albania, Austria, Finland, Ireland, Croatia, Malta, Nigeria, Algeria, Angola, South Africa, Egypt,  Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, South America, Middle East.etc

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You can click here to learn more about Incoloy 825 products

What are Incoloy 825 Butt Weld Fittings?

Incoloy 825 is a nickel-iron-chromium alloy with added elements such as molybdenum, copper, and titanium. This unique chemical composition grants it exceptional corrosion resistance in both oxidizing and reducing environments.

Butt-weld fittings are pipe components connected to pipelines via butt welding. This connection method creates a seamless, robust, and leak-proof joint, ensuring the overall integrity of the piping system. It is particularly suitable for high-pressure, high-temperature, or cryogenic environments.

The combination of Incoloy 825 material with butt-welded connections makes Incoloy 825 butt-welded pipe fittings a reliable piping solution capable of delivering dependable performance under extreme corrosion and high-pressure conditions.

Incoloy Alloy 825 Butt weld Fittings Specification

Specifications ASTM B366 / ASME SB366

Dimensions ASME/ANSI B16.9, ASME B16.28, MSS-SP-43, MSS SP-79

Size 1/8” NB TO 48” NB. (Seamless & 100% X-Ray Welded, Fabricated)

Type Seamless / Welded / Fabricated

Bending Radius R=1D, 2D, 3D, 5D, 6D, 8D, 10D or Custom

Thickness Sch 5s, Sch 10s, Sch 40s, Sch 80s, Sch 160s, Sch XXS

Grade 825 UNS (N08825), DIN (2.4858)

Equivalent Grades of Incoloy 825 Buttweld Fitting

Chemical Composition of Incoloy 825 Butt weld Fittings

The chemical composition of Incoloy 825 primarily includes elements such as nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), and iron (Fe). Its typical composition is: Ni (38-46%), Cr (19.5-23.5%), Mo (2.5-3.5%), Fe (22%). This composition ratio enables the material to maintain high strength and excellent corrosion resistance even in high-temperature environments (up to 900°C).

ASTM B366 UNS N08825 Mechanical Properties

Types of Buttweld Fittings

Butt Weld Elbows:

One of the most commonly used pipe fittings in piping systems, primarily employed to alter the direction of fluid flow. They are connected to pipes or other fittings via butt welding, forming a seamless, robust, and leak-proof structure.

Common elbow types based on bend angle include 45° elbows, 90° elbows, and 180° elbows.

· 45° elbows are suitable for applications requiring a smaller turning angle, enabling pipes to change direction in confined spaces while minimizing fluid flow resistance;

· 90° elbows are the most common type, frequently used for right-angle turns. For instance, in building piping systems, 90° elbows are employed to alter pipe direction at wall corners;

· 180° elbows, also known as U-bends, enable 180° return flow, functioning to redirect fluid back to its starting point or a specific location.

Based on curvature radius, elbows can be further categorized into long radius elbows and short radius elbows.

· Long Radius Elbows: Their bending radius is 1.5 times the pipe diameter (R=1.5D). These elbows offer low fluid resistance and are commonly used where smooth fluid flow is required.

· Short Radius Elbows: Their bending radius equals the pipe diameter (R=1D). These elbows save space and are suitable for installations with limited room, but they present relatively higher fluid resistance.

Butt Weld Tee

A butt weld tee is a common pipe fitting. Its shape resembles a “T,” used to branch secondary pipelines from the main pipeline, thereby achieving fluid diversion or convergence. It connects to pipelines via butt welding, forming a robust, sealed, and continuous structure that ensures no leakage occurs when transporting high-pressure, high-temperature, or corrosive media. Based on whether the three ports have identical diameters, butt-weld tees are categorized into equal-diameter tees (all ports share the same diameter) and reducing tees (where the branch pipe diameter is smaller than the main pipe diameter).

Butt Weld Cross:

A butt weld cross is a specialized pipe fitting shaped like a “cross,” primarily used to connect four pipes at a single point, enabling fluid to diverge or converge in four directions. It features four outlets of identical or different diameters, all connected via welding to ensure a robust, leak-proof pipeline system.

Butt Weld Reducers:

Butt weld reducers, also known as welded reducers, are essential fittings for connecting pipes of differing diameters. They facilitate smooth transitions and flow regulation within piping systems. Based on whether the centerlines of connected pipes align, they are categorized as concentric reducers and eccentric reducers.

Butt Weld Caps:

Welded pipe caps serve as vital end-sealing components for pipeline systems. Their design eliminates internal threads or socket connections, instead utilizing beveled edges for direct butt welding to pipes. This creates seamless, highly sealed ends. Such connections ensure structural integrity, high strength, and superior leak resistance, enabling the system to withstand high-pressure, high-temperature, or corrosive media transport.

Buttweld Stub Ends:

The Buttweld Stub Ends features a flanged design on one end and a welded connection on the other. Paired with a slip-on flange, it enables flexible pipeline connections that are easy to disassemble and install. This configuration is ideal for pipeline connections requiring frequent maintenance or equipment replacement.

Advantages of Incoloy 825 Butt Weld Fittings

High Corrosion Resistance: Stable performance in sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, alkali solutions, and chloride environments

Strength and Toughness: Maintains excellent properties even in high-temperature and low-temperature conditions

Long Service Life: Reduces maintenance and replacement costs

Standardized Production: Precise dimensions for easy installation and welding

Applications

Chemical processing equipment and acid reaction vessels

Oil and gas industry pipelines and pressure vessels

Seawater desalination and marine engineering

Pharmaceutical and food processing equipment

Heat exchangers, evaporators, and heating systems

You can get an offer for products in below material forms:

-Pipe and Tube (EN 10216-5, ASTM A213, ASTM A249, A312, A790,)

-Forged Fitting and Flange (ASTM A182 , ASTM A105,ASTM B564 )

-Butt Weld Fittings (ASTM A234, ASTM A403,ASTM A815)

-Round bar , Billet (ASTM A276, ASTM A479)

– Plate, Sheet, Strip(ASTM A240, EN 10028-7, A480)

-Bolting, Nuts（ASTM A193, A194, A320）

Incoloy 825 Butt Weld Fittings Exported Countries

We Export Incoloy 825 Butt Weld Fittings to Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, Kuwait, Jordan, Cyprus, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, South Korea, Japan, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Uruguay, United States Of America, Canada, Mexico, Panama, Jamaica, Bahamas, Denmark, Norway, Germany, France,Italy, United Kingdom, Spain, Belgium, Greece, Czech Republic, Portugal, Hungary, Albania, Austria, Finland, Ireland, Croatia, Malta, Nigeria, Algeria, Angola, South Africa, Egypt,  Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, South America, Middle East.etc

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Manufacturing Process of Stainless Steel Elbow

Pushing Process

This is a commonly used process. First, the stainless steel tube blank is heated to the appropriate temperature, then a specialized pushing machine is used to shape the tube blank into a 90-degree elbow using a die. The pushing process has high production efficiency, enabling large-scale production, and produces elbows with high dimensional accuracy and good surface quality.

Stamping Process

For smaller stainless steel 90 degree elbows, the stamping process can be used. Stainless steel sheets are cut into the appropriate shape, placed into a stamping die, and then pressed into the rough shape of an elbow using a stamping machine. Subsequent welding and finishing processes are then performed. The stamping process is suitable for mass production of elbows with relatively simple shapes.

Welding Process

First, the stainless steel sheet is rolled into two 90 degree curved sections, which are then welded together to form a 90 degree elbow. The welding process can produce large-diameter elbows but requires high-quality welding techniques to ensure the strength and sealing of the welds.

Classification by Bending Radius

Long Radius (LR) 90° Elbow:

The radius of curvature (R) is 1.5 times the nominal pipe size (NPS) or outside diameter (D). (R = 1.5D). This provides a smoother turn, reducing friction, turbulence, and pressure drop. It’s generally preferred when space allows and flow efficiency is critical.

Short Radius (SR) 90° Elbow:

The radius of curvature (R) is equal to the nominal pipe size (NPS) or outside diameter (D). (R = 1.0D). This results in a sharper turn, increasing turbulence and pressure drop, but it is more compact and suitable for tight spaces where a smaller bend is necessary.

Classification by Material:

Based on the different grades of stainless steel used, stainless steel 90 degree elbows can be categorized into 304 stainless steel 90 degree elbows, 316 stainless steel 90 degree elbows, 321 stainless steel 90 degree elbows, etc. Elbows made from different materials exhibit variations in corrosion resistance, high-temperature resistance, and other properties, making them suitable for different operational environments. The following chemical composition and mechanical properties are provided as examples for 304 and 316.

Butt Weld Stainless Steel Elbow Chemical Composition

Butt Weld Stainless Steel Elbow Mechanical Property

Socket Weld & Threaded Elbow Chemical Composition

Socket Weld & Threaded Elbow Mechanical Property

Classification by Connection Type

Butt Weld Elbow

Stainless steel 90-degree elbows are welded to tightly connect pipes, offering high strength and excellent sealing. They are the most common type in industrial piping systems. They can withstand high pressure and high temperature operating environments with virtually no leakage, making them particularly suitable for large-diameter, high-pressure, or high-temperature piping systems. However, this connection is not removable, requiring pipe cutting for repair or replacement.

Socket Weld Elbow

Socket-weld elbows are constructed by inserting the pipe into the socket of the elbow and then welding the elbow externally. They are commonly used for small-diameter, high-pressure pipes. They provide a secure connection, strong sealing, and are unlikely to leak, making them particularly suitable for high-pressure applications. Installation is relatively simple, making them particularly suitable for small-diameter pipes. However, the internal socket structure does introduce some fluid resistance.

Threaded Elbow

Threaded elbows connect pipes via threads, with both internal and external threads being common. They are primarily used for small-diameter, low-pressure pipes. They offer advantages such as easy installation and multiple disassembly capabilities, making them particularly suitable for pipe systems that require frequent disassembly or maintenance. However, the sealing performance is relatively weak and leakage is likely to occur under high pressure or vibration conditions, so it is not suitable for high temperature and high pressure environments.

Stainless Steel 90 Degree Elbow Applications

1. Oil and Gas Industry: Used for transporting crude oil, natural gas, and in refinery pipeline systems, suitable for high-temperature and high-pressure environments.

2. Chemical Industry: Suitable for conveying corrosive media such as acids, alkalis, and salts in pipeline systems.

3. Power Industry: Commonly used in boilers, cooling water pipelines, and high-pressure steam systems.

4. Water Treatment and Supply Systems: Suitable for potable water, wastewater, and industrial water pipelines, ensuring long-term corrosion resistance.

5. Pharmaceutical and Food Processing: Ensures pipeline hygiene, corrosion resistance, and suitability for conveying pure fluids.

6. Marine Engineering: Used in ship and offshore platform pipeline systems, resistant to salt fog and seawater corrosion.

7. Air Conditioning and HVAC Engineering: Used in hot and cold water, refrigerant, and circulation system pipelines.

Conclusion

Stainless steel 90 degree elbows can be classified into different types based on manufacturing processes, connection methods, and structural forms. Selecting the appropriate elbow type is critical for ensuring pipeline efficiency, safety, and durability. With our expertise and advanced production equipment, we provide high-quality stainless steel elbows that meet international standards for various industrial applications.

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Product List

Inspection Photos

ASME B16.9 Concentric Reducer Specification

Stainless steel 316 concentric reducers are fittings used to connect two pipes of different diameters. Their primary function is to alter the pipe diameter and flow velocity, ensuring smooth fluid flow within the piping system.

ASTM A403 WP316L Pipe Fittings Chemical Composition

ASTM A403 WP316L Pipe Fittings Mechanical Property

MSS SP-83 Threaded Union Specification

The threaded union is the most widely used type of union, characterized by its use of threaded connections for piping. It consists of three main components: a male end with external threads, a female end with internal threads, and a nut. By rotating the nut, the sealing surfaces of the male and female ends can be tightly aligned to achieve connection and sealing. The thread forms can be BSP, NPT, G, etc., and the connection is further secured by a locking nut and seal ring.

Class 3000 Threaded Union Dimensions

Specification of Weld Neck Flange

316L weld neck flanges are pipe connectors made from 316L stainless steel. They achieve a secure connection by butt-welding the pipe and are commonly used in applications involving high pressure, high temperature, and highly corrosive media. The high structural strength and excellent sealing properties of 316L weld neck flanges ensure the long-term safe operation of pipeline systems.

ASTM A182 F316L Flanges Chemical Composition

ASTM A182 F316L Flanges Mechanical Property

Advantages of SS316L

1. Excellent Corrosion Resistance

SS316L contains 2-3% molybdenum in its chemical composition, which gives it significantly better corrosion resistance than 304 stainless steel in chloride environments. It effectively resists pitting and crevice corrosion, making it ideal for marine environments, coastal areas, and applications involving chloride-containing media.

2. Excellent Welding Performance

“L” stands for “Low Carbon.” SS316L has a carbon content below 0.03%, significantly reducing the risk of carbide precipitation (also known as “sensitization”) during welding. This property prevents intergranular corrosion near the weld seam, ensuring the integrity and long-term stability of the welded joint in corrosive environments. Therefore, in pipeline systems requiring extensive welding, SS316L is a superior choice over 316.

3. High strength at high temperatures

SS316L maintains high tensile strength and creep strength even at high temperatures. This makes it suitable for high-temperature, high-pressure piping systems, such as heat exchangers and pressure vessels.

Applications of SS316L Fittings and Flanges

Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industry

Marine Engineering and Shipbuilding

Food and Beverage Processing

Power and Nuclear Energy

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Part of the product list is as follows

Inspection Photos

Butt Weld Fittings Specification

ASTM A234 WPB Butt Weld Fittings Chemical Composition

ASTM A234 WPB Butt Weld Fittings Mechanical Property

Advantages of Carbon Steel Butt Weld Fittings

Low cost: Compared with stainless steel, carbon steel raw materials are less expensive, making them the preferred choice for projects with limited budgets.

High strength: Can withstand high pressure and is widely used in high-pressure pipeline systems for petroleum, natural gas, and chemical industries.

Easy to weld: Carbon steel has good weldability and is easy to install and repair on site.

ASTM A403 WP316L Stainless Steel Fittings Chemical Composition

ASTM A403 WP316L Stainless Steel Fittings Mechanical Property

Advantages of Stainless Steel Butt Weld Fittings:

Strong corrosion resistance: Resistant to corrosion from a variety of chemical media, no additional anti-corrosion treatment required.

Aesthetic appeal: Stainless steel has a smooth surface, requires no painting, is easy to clean, and is suitable for industries with high hygiene and appearance requirements.

High temperature resistance: Maintains good mechanical properties even in high temperature environments.

Butt Weld 90 Degree Elbow Dimensions

Butt Weld Tee Dimensions

Butt Weld Concentric Reducer Dimensions   

How to choose

Carbon steel and stainless steel butt weld fittings each have their own advantages and disadvantages. When choosing, you should weigh the specific needs of the project:

If the project medium is non-corrosive, the budget is limited, and there are no special requirements for aesthetics, carbon steel butt weld fittings are an economical and practical choice.

If the project medium is corrosive, there are high requirements for hygiene and aesthetics, or it needs to withstand harsh environmental conditions, stainless steel butt weld fittings are a more reliable and safer option.

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Types of Buttweld Fittings

Buttweld Elbow: 

One of the most commonly used fittings in piping systems, primarily used to change the direction of fluid flow. They are connected to pipes or other fittings via butt welding, forming a seamless, sturdy, and leak-proof structure.

Based on the bending angle, common types include 45° elbows, 90° elbows, and 180° elbows.

· 45° elbows are suitable for scenarios requiring a smaller angle of turn, enabling pipes to change direction in a compact space and reduce fluid flow resistance.

· 90° elbows are the most common type, often used at right-angle turns, such as in building plumbing systems where 90° elbows are employed to redirect pipes at wall corners;

· 180° elbows, also known as U-bends, enable pipes to make a 180° return, playing a role in processes where fluid needs to be redirected back to the starting point or a specific location.

Based on curvature radius, elbows can be further classified into long-radius elbows (Long Radius Elbow) and short-radius elbows (Short Radius Elbow).

· Long Radius Elbow: Its bending radius is 1.5 times the pipe diameter (R=1.5D). This type of elbow has low fluid resistance and is commonly used in applications requiring smooth fluid flow.

· Short Radius Elbow: Its bending radius is equal to the pipe diameter (R=1D). This type of elbow is space-efficient and suitable for applications with limited installation space, but it has relatively higher fluid resistance.

Buttweld Tee

A buttweld tee is a common type of pipe fitting. It is shaped like a “T” and is used to branch off a secondary pipe from the main pipeline, thereby achieving the diversion or convergence of fluid flow. It is connected to the pipeline via butt welding, forming a sturdy, sealed, and continuous structure to ensure no leakage occurs during the transportation of high-pressure, high-temperature, or corrosive media. Welded tees are classified into equal tees (all ports have the same diameter) and reducing tees (the branch pipe diameter is smaller than the main pipe diameter) based on whether the three ports have the same diameter. They are widely used in various industrial pipeline systems such as petroleum, chemicals, power, and construction.

Buttweld Cross:

Buttweld cross is a special type of welded pipe fitting shaped like a “cross,” primarily used to connect four pipes at a single point, enabling fluid to diverge or converge in four directions.crosses have four outlets of the same or different diameters, all designed for welded connections to ensure a robust, leak-proof pipeline system.

Buttweld Reducers:

Buttweld reducers, also commonly referred to as welded reducer pipes, are an important type of welded pipe fitting primarily used to connect two pipes of different diameters, facilitating smooth transition and flow adjustment of the fluid medium within the pipeline system. They are directly welded to the pipes via their beveled ends, forming a secure, leak-proof connection that aligns flush with the inner wall of the pipe, thereby reducing fluid resistance. Based on whether the centerlines of the connected pipes are aligned, butt-welded reducers can be classified into concentric reducers and eccentric reducers.

Buttweld Caps:

Buttweld caps are an important type of pipe connection component primarily used to seal the ends of pipe systems. Their design features no internal threads or socket connections but instead uses a beveled groove to directly butt-weld with the pipe, forming a seamless and highly sealed end. This connection method ensures the structural integrity, high strength, and excellent leak-proof performance of the pipe system, enabling it to withstand the transmission of high-pressure, high-temperature, or corrosive media.

Buttweld Stub Ends

One end of the lap joint stub end features a flanged design with a flange, while the other end is welded to the pipeline. It is used in conjunction with a loose flange, enabling more flexible pipe connections that are easy to disassemble and install. This configuration is suitable for pipe connections that require frequent maintenance or equipment replacement. In the piping systems of offshore oil drilling platforms, where equipment requires regular maintenance and replacement, the combination of lap joint stub ends and loose flanges is widely adopted, effectively enhancing maintenance efficiency.

Material & Grades of Buttweld Fittings 

Carbon Steel Buttweld Fittings:

ASTM A234 WPB / WPC,ASTM 420 WPL 3 / 6 / 9,A860 WPHY 42 / 46 / 52 / 56 / 65 / 70   

Alloy Steel Buttweld Fittings:

A234 WP5 / WP9 / WP11 / WP12 / WP22 /WP 91 / WP92

Stainless Steel Buttweld Fittings:

A403 WP304/304L/304H – WP316/316L – WP317 – WP310S – WP321 – WP347 – WP904L

Duplex & Super Duplex Steel Buttweld Fittings:

A815 WPS32205/32750/31803/32760

Manufacturing Method of Buttweld Fittings

Manufacturing Methods for Elbows

1. Hot Push Forming Method (Hot Push Forming)  

The pipe material is heated to a certain temperature, then pushed through a die to bend it, while simultaneously performing diameter compensation forming. This method is suitable for medium to large diameter, thick-walled elbows, offering high forming efficiency and good continuity of fiber structure.

2. Cold Bending Method

A specialized bending machine is used to bend straight pipes at room temperature.

Manufacturing Methods for Tees

1. Hydraulic Bulging Method

Hydraulic oil is injected into a closed pipe section, causing the middle section to expand into a tee branch. This method ensures uniform wall thickness and is suitable for thin-walled pipes.

2. Hot Extrusion Method

The tube blank is heated, and the branch opening is punched out from the side using a specialized die, followed by die shaping. This method can produce large-diameter, thick-walled tees.

Manufacturing Methods for Reducers

The tube material is placed in a reducer die and pressed into a reducer shape using hydraulic or mechanical pressure.

Manufacturing Methods for Pipe Caps (Cap):  

Mostly produced using press forming or integral stamping. For thick-walled pipe caps, multiple stamping operations or welding may be required.  

Manufacturing Methods for Lap Joint Stub Ends

Generally produced using a combination of machined flanging and welded short tubes, or through integral forging or press forming.

Advantages of Buttweld Fittings

High weld strength and robust structure

Leak-resistant with excellent sealing performance

Smooth transition at connections with minimal fluid resistance

Capable of withstanding high-temperature and high-pressure environments

Long service life and low maintenance costs

Application Areas

Petroleum refining plant pipeline systems

Natural gas transmission pipelines

Power plant boilers and heat exchange systems

Chemical process pipelines

Food and pharmaceutical clean systems (stainless steel material)

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The primary function of stainless steel elbows is to connect two pipes with the same or different nominal diameters in a piping system, enabling the pipeline to turn at a specific angle. Based on the angle, the most commonly used types are 45°, 90°, and 180°. Additionally, depending on engineering requirements, other non-standard angles such as 60° are also available. Connection methods to pipes include direct welding, flange connections, threaded connections, and socket connections, among others.

Classification by Angle

1. 45 Degree Elbow

Turn angle: Achieves a 45° directional deflection, suitable for long-distance pipelines requiring minor directional adjustments or when the angle between two pipeline sections is 45°. Primarily used for minor changes in pipeline direction or scenarios requiring mitigation of fluid impact force.

2. 90° Degree Elbow

Bending angle: Achieves a 90° right-angle turn, the most commonly used type, suitable for “vertical/horizontal direction switching” scenarios (e.g., pipelines transitioning from the ground to walls, or right-angle connections between equipment inlets/outlets).

3. 180 Degree Elbow

Bending angle: Achieves a 180° U-turn (U-shaped bend), essentially a “reverse bend” where the fluid direction is completely reversed. Primarily used to change the fluid direction by 180 degrees, commonly found in U-shaped piping, heat exchangers, and other equipment to save space or achieve special process requirements.

Classification by Bending Radius

Long Radius Elbow (LR Elbow): The bending radius is 1.5 times the pipe diameter (R=1.5D). It has low fluid resistance and a smooth change in flow direction, making it suitable for applications requiring low fluid resistance, where the conveyed medium has low viscosity, or contains solid particles.

Short-radius elbows (SR Elbow): The bending radius is equal to the pipe diameter (R=1D). They have relatively higher fluid resistance but are structurally compact and space-saving, making them suitable for applications with limited space or where fluid resistance requirements are not stringent.

2D indicates that the bending radius is twice the nominal diameter of the pipe, and similarly, 3D indicates twice the nominal diameter of the pipe. These also belong to the category of long-radius elbows, but they differ from the commonly used 1.5D elbows in that they are smoother and are suitable for specific applications.

Classification by Connection Types

Butt weld Elbows: These are connected to pipes using welding, with flat ends designed to be directly welded to the pipe ends to form an integrated sealed structure. This connection method is suitable for medium- and high-pressure pipeline systems, particularly in large-diameter (DN50 and above) applications, where it offers significant advantages. It can withstand high pressures and temperatures, and the welded joints have high strength and excellent sealing properties, effectively preventing medium leakage.

Socket Weld Elbows: Features a socket with a groove-shaped opening, allowing the pipe end to be directly inserted into the socket. Sealing is achieved through a seal ring or welding (socket-weld). Socket-weld connections offer reliable sealing performance, suitable for applications requiring high sealing integrity but operating within the medium-pressure range. This method also reduces issues caused by improper welding and allows for relatively easy disassembly during maintenance.

Threaded Elbows: These have threads on the inner or outer walls and can be connected to pipes with corresponding threads via a screw-tightening method, without welding, forming a removable connection. This method is suitable for low-pressure, small-diameter pipes, offering fast installation and ease of maintenance and replacement. However, the sealing performance of threaded joints is significantly influenced by thread precision and sealing materials, making them unsuitable for high-pressure, high-temperature, or highly corrosive medium transportation systems.

Stainless Steel Elbow 45, 90, 180 Degree Material

The material of stainless steel elbows is usually selected according to the use environment and medium. Common ones are:

304 stainless steel: The most commonly used stainless steel material, with good corrosion resistance and processing performance, suitable for general corrosive environments.

316/316L stainless steel: Molybdenum is added, which has better resistance to chloride ion corrosion and is suitable for marine environments, chemicals, medicines and other occasions with higher requirements for corrosion resistance. 316L is a low-carbon version of 316 with better welding performance.

Other stainless steel grades: According to special needs, 201, 202, 321, 904L, duplex stainless steel (such as 2205, 2507), etc. can also be selected to meet different requirements for temperature resistance, pressure resistance, corrosion resistance, etc.

Stainless steel elbow dimensions – 45°，90°，180°

Nominal Size		Outside Diameter at Bevel	Center to End			Center to Center		Back to Face
		90° Elbows		45° Elbows	180 Returns
DN	NPS	OD	A		B	O		K
			LR	SR	LR	LR	SR	LR	SR
15	1/2	21.3	38		16	76		48
20	3/4	26.7	38		19	76		51
25	1	33.4	38	25	22	76	51	56	41
32	1 1/4	42.2	48	32	25	95	64	70	52
40	1 1/2	48.3	57	38	29	114	76	83	62
50	2	60.3	76	51	35	152	102	106	81
65	2 1/2	73.0	95	64	44	190	127	132	100
80	3	88.9	114	76	51	229	152	159	121
90	3 1/2	101.6	133	4、89	57	267	178	184	140
100	4	114.3	152	102	64	305	203	210	159
125	5	141.3	190	127	79	381	254	262	197
150	6	168.3	229	152	95	457	305	313	237
200	8	219.1	305	203	127	610	406	414	313
250	10	273.0	381	254	159	762	508	518	391
300	12	323.8	457	305	190	914	609	619	467
350	14	355.6	533	356	222	1067	711	711	533
400	16	406.4	610	406	254	1219	813	813	610
450	18	457.0	686	457	286	1372	914	914	686
500	20	508.0	762	508	318	1524	1016	1016	762
550	22	559.0	838	559	343	1676	1118	1118	838
600	24	610.0	914	610	381	1829	1219	1219	914
650	26	660.0	991	660	406
700	28	711.0	1067	711	438
750	30	762.0	1143	762	470
800	32	813.0	1219	813	502
850	34	864.0	1295	864	533
900	36	914.0	1372	914	565
950	38	965.0	1448	965	600
1000	40	1016.0	1524	1016	632
1050	42	1067.0	1600	1067	660
1100	44	1118.0	1676	1118	695
1150	46	1168.0	1753	1168	727
1200	48	1219.0	1829	1219	759

Applications of Stainless Steel Elbows

Petroleum and Natural Gas: Transportation of crude oil, natural gas, refined oil, etc.

Chemical Industry: Transportation of various acidic and alkaline corrosive media.

Power: Cooling water systems in power plants, steam pipelines, etc.

Construction: Water supply and drainage systems, fire protection pipelines, etc.

Food and Pharmaceuticals: Conveying fluids with high hygiene requirements.

Water Treatment: Wastewater treatment, desalination, etc.

Shipbuilding: Shipboard pipeline systems.

You can get an offer for products in below material forms:

-Pipe and Tube (EN 10216-5, ASTM A213, ASTM A249, A312, A790,)

-Forged Fitting and Flange (ASTM A182 , ASTM A105,ASTM B564 )

-Butt Weld Fittings (ASTM A234, ASTM A403,ASTM A815)

-Round bar , Billet (ASTM A276, ASTM A479)

– Plate, Sheet, Strip(ASTM A240, EN 10028-7, A480)

-Bolting, Nuts（ASTM A193, A194, A320）

Stainless Steel Elbow 45, 90, 180 Degree Exported Countries

We Export Stainless Steel Elbow 45, 90, 180 Degree to Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, Kuwait, Turkey, Egypt, Yemen , Syria, Jordan, Cyprus, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, South Korea, Japan, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Uruguay, United States Of America, Canada, Mexico, Panama, Jamaica, Bahamas, Denmark, Norway, Germany, France,Italy, United Kingdom, Spain, Belgium, Greece, Czech Republic, Portugal, Hungary, Albania, Austria, Finland, Ireland, Croatia, Malta, Nigeria, Algeria, Angola, South Africa, Libya, Egypt, Sudan,  Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, South America, Middle East.etc

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